Free Essays on Boy Gets Girl

Kid Gets Girl is a fascinating play for not just about what could turn out badly on an arranged meeting, yet in addition since it shows how individuals can see others. The story all when Linda a companion of Theresa’s chose to set her up on an arranged meeting with a person whom she scarcely knew. Theresa doesn't appear to be a lot of like an individual who needs to date a great deal in the story yet chooses to attempt it and perceive how it goes. Tony the arranged meet up appeared to be extremely amenable first and foremost well mannered and truly keen on becoming acquainted with Theresa. Be that as it may, there was a sure edge to Tony that Theresa didn't appear to see on the principal date. After the principal date with Tony, Theresa got blossoms from him at her office the following day. She additionally wound up having a second date with Tony. The subsequent date didn't appear to go so well. She didn’t feel like there was any association with Tony and in this way she chose to let him know so he could proceed onward and date others. Tony appeared to approve of it however you could tell that he was somewhat let somewhere around it. After the dates were off Tony chosen to continue considering Theresa regardless of the amount she revealed to him she didn't need him to. He likewise sprung up in her office unforeseen. Sooner or later, Tony kept on irritating Theresa. Theresa began to accuse her companion Linda who snared both of them up. Howard, Theresa’s manager didn't think anything about the subject when he got mindful of it. He recently said that Tony was a â€Å"smuck† and approached his direction. Sooner or later Theresa began got undermining calls at home just as work. She didn't have the foggiest idea how Tony had gotten her number since she had not offered it to him. In the letters he was keeping in touch with Theresa, he was expressing thing about assaulting her and slaughtering her in various manners. Theresa at that point chose to get the police in question and document for an insurance request to shield him from badgering her. She chose to remain at the home of Mercer who was a collaborator. The explanation was on the grounds that s... Free Essays on Boy Gets Girl Free Essays on Boy Gets Girl Kid Gets Girl is a fascinating play for not just about what could turn out badly on an arranged meet up, yet in addition since it shows how individuals can see others. The story all when Linda a companion of Theresa’s chose to set her up on an arranged meeting with a person whom she barely knew. Theresa doesn't appear to be a lot of like an individual who needs to date a ton in the story however chooses to attempt it and perceive how it goes. Tony the arranged meet up appeared to be extremely well mannered before all else neighborly and truly keen on becoming more acquainted with Theresa. Nonetheless, there was a sure edge to Tony that Theresa didn't appear to see on the primary date. After the principal date with Tony, Theresa got blossoms from him at her office the following day. She likewise wound up having a second date with Tony. The subsequent date didn't appear to go so well. She didn’t feel like there was any association with Tony and along these lines she chose to let him know so he could proceed onward and date others. Tony appeared to approve of it however you could tell that he was somewhat let somewhere around it. After the dates were off Tony chosen to continue considering Theresa regardless of the amount she revealed to him she didn't need him to. He likewise sprung up in her office sudden. Sooner or later, Tony kept on irritating Theresa. Theresa began to accuse her companion Linda who snared both of them up. Howard, Theresa’s manager didn't think anything about the subject when he got mindful of it. He recently said that Tony was a â€Å"smuck† and approached his direction. Sooner or later Theresa began got undermining calls at home just as work. She didn't have a clue how Tony had gotten her number since she had not offered it to him. In the letters he was keeping in touch with Theresa, he was expressing thing about assaulting her and slaughtering her in various manners. Theresa at that point chose to get the police in question and document for a security request to shield him from hassling her. She chose to remain at the home of Mercer who was an associate. The explanation was on the grounds that s...

Basic Assumptions in Accounting

Fundamental Assumptions in Accounting Records are delivered by all organizations as a method of giving data to every outsider keen on the company’s execution. One of the essential points of these records is to lessen the issues characteristic in the organization relationship of the chiefs with the other intrigued partners, for example, financial specialists, workers and even government bodies. Because of the wide scope of employments for accounts, it is little marvel that examination into how these records are drafted and introduced has needed to set out some principal suppositions in the manner that records are composed. In any case, as a general rule the suspicions that have underlined the investigation of records may, now and again, be imperfect, making the general examination of these records be, best case scenario deficient and perhaps even off base (Hermanson, 2005)[1]. Presumption 1 †Accounts are Primarily for Shareholders This is a typical suspicion and much of the time is certifiably not a harming one. Indeed, even the law appears to help this suspicion, with enactment necessitating that yearly records are delivered and provided to the investors (Companies Act 2006)[2]. This powers the idea that the records are for the utilization of the investors, as it were. It is valid, be that as it may, that records are to a great extent for investors. The organization has a place with the investors and is overseen and run by the chiefs. This structure delivers an office issue with those maintaining the business not being those people who eventually profit or experience the ill effects of its prosperity or disappointment. Investors need the records so as to decide if their venture is protected, regardless of whether they ought to contribute more, pulling back their speculation or posing certain inquiries of the board comparable to approaches or exercises. The records give significant data to the investors corresponding to the volume of deals, benefit, relative investigation of key contenders and the general estimation of the offers. Bookkeeping principles have been created in light of this key use. It is important for all records to be reviewed by an autonomous evaluator to verify that the records offer a valid and reasonable estimation of the condition of the budgetary situation of the organization. This is, obviously, crucial for the investors as they should believe the records being created by the chiefs to be exact, with the end goal for them to settle on their venture choices. While these standards seem, by all accounts, to be equipped towards the investors, there are different clients of the records that advantage similarly from the standard set out comparable to distributed records. Other key clients incorporate the banks. For some organizations, these partners are totally crucial and they will be to a great extent keen on a similar data as the investors, in spite of the fact that will just truly be worried about whether the organization has adequate asset to repay the advance that they have progressed to the organization and that reasonable security over resources exists (Watts, 2003)[3]. Representatives are unmistakably keen on knowing the wellbeing and benefit of the organization so they can be alright with their own employer stability. Nonetheless, this partner bunch is regularly disregarded, notwithstanding its focal job inside the association. What's more, government organizations ought not be ignored, with offices, for example, HM Revenue and Customs requiring data so as to gather the right measure of partnership charges (Brennan, 2000)[4]. Subsequently, while investors might be the most obvious gathering of partners with an enthusiasm for the records, there are different partners which additionally have a premium and ought not be ignored. Suspicion 2 Accounting Measures a Concrete Reality which is Out There Arranged records are required to follow the fundamental standards, for example, importance, understandability, consistency and similarity. Along these lines, while accounts are set up in accordance with the directors’ choices and translations, there are sure fundamental guidelines that must be followed to guarantee that the records are as near an unprejudiced, solid impression of the condition of the business as is conceivable. Specifically, this is significant to help financial specialist and investor examinations. So as to settle on reasonable decisions with respect to ventures and choices about which organization ought to be given help, the records of the two organizations must be similar. To be similar the records must be as target and authentic as could be expected under the circumstances. In any case, since it is attractive for the records to be a solid impression of what is ‘out there’ in the organization doesn't imply this is a supposition which can be drawn as being valid. This requirement for consistency has been perceived by the International Accounting Standards Board which has created, to the extent that is conceivable, the monetary detailing measures that organizations need to follow in an offer to guarantee that records are as near being a solid and tantamount reflection as could reasonably be expected (Kroll, 2004)[5]. Take, for instance, the manner by which an organization decides to report its money earned. The organization could decide to work on either a money or on an accumulation premise. Under the money premise, the organization would report pay when it really shows up inside the organization, though the collection premise shows the salary earned at the hour of the composition of the records, whether or not or not it has been now gotten. It is obvious to consider that to be decision with respect to whether to follow a money model or an accumulation model will significantly affect the manner by which the benefit and misfortune shows up according to the organization. Different approaches that are overseen by worldwide norms incorporate issues, for example, the treatment of altruism or devaluation, the two regions that have customarily permitted impressive executive caution. By having these essential bookkeeping norms that organizations must follow, there is surely a move towards building up solid records. This, in any case, has not been completely accomplished at this point and, consequently, it isn't reasonable for expect that all records are a totally solid impression of what is ‘out there’. Suspicion 3 †Accounting Can be Neutral Unmistakably, it is alluring that monetary records created by organizations are totally unbiased in the manner that they are introduced. Mistake in accounts by and large falls into two particular classes, deceptive nature or ineptitude. Contemptibility has a few unique angles and might be as basic as the longing by the supervisory group to introduce a specific part of the business, while limiting the significance of different exercises inside the business. One of the principle ways that an organization could guarantee that there is no component of untrustworthiness in the records is to have outside evaluators checking the records to guarantee that they are a reasonable and exact impression of the organization circumstance. Besides, with the monetary detailing norms that have now been created to guarantee lack of bias in the distributed records, organizations are required to state authoritatively in the event that they have digressed from the money related revealing principles, so any move away from impartiality can be promptly and completely distinguished. Consequently, while not all records will consistently be impartial or nonpartisan, distinguishing where lack of bias has been strayed from, organizations are currently required to attract consideration effectively to this reality, along these lines expanding straightforwardness. The utilization of outside evaluators in the planning of the records is likewise a helpful check and parity to guarantee absence of deceiving proclamations in the records (Cottingham, 1995)[6]. In spite of every one of these measures, there remains the one-sided component of the records in the chairman’s articulation. This is the open door for the top managerial staff to express their feeling and to detail the basis of the organization as far as past choices and the course which the organization is taking in the more drawn out term. This component of the report will normally bring about a non-unbiased position (Goch, 1975)[7]. Organization accounts are created, as set up prior, to assist numerous partners, albeit fundamentally they are utilized by the investors and moneylenders to help their venture choice. It is just characteristic, in this way, that organizations will decide to advance their most ideal situation for the records. While there are balanced governance set up as money related announcing norms and the prerequisite of the autonomous evaluator, it is reasonable for express the records are not so much impartial, consistently. Supposition 4 Accountants are Professionals and Have the Ability to utilize Sound Judgment Bookkeepers are utilized at all levels by organizations of all sizes to deal with the monetary issues of the organization and at last to deliver the records for outside use, on a yearly premise. Every single qualified bookkeeper are required to be individuals from proficient bodies, for example, Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales and have severe codes of expert morals comparable to the manner by which they direct their job (Riahi-Belkaoui, 1992)[8]. In spite of the requirement for these bookkeepers to be controlled and to be overseen such that they lead their job, it is fundamental that they are given appropriate opportunity to practice their own proficient judgment. Expanding straightforwardness prerequisites and the more noteworthy level of solution that is being put on the bookkeeping calling, as far as budgetary revealing guidelines and necessity is changing the job of bookkeepers in the arrangement of records. Bookkeeping gauges have brought about bookkeeping getting significantly more of a science than an artistic expression. There is a threat in this move of accentuation. Bookkeepers are experts and their sound proficient judgment is basic in guaranteeing that the most precise organization accounts are created. Notwithstanding, this sound proficient judgment is just valuable on the off chance that it is impartial to the organization itself, for example through an autonomous record

13 Audiobooks to Inspire (or Accompany) a Road Trip

13 Audiobooks to Inspire (or Accompany) a Road Trip Even though summer is usually  road trip season, I prefer my jaunts  during the fall. With leaves changing colors and the weather cool enough to crack the windows, my favorite road trips are accompanied by fleece, boots, #PSLs, and the perfect audiobook. Thankfully, Ive got a two-week cross country road trip coming up to indulge my autumn road trip desires. If youre craving a trip down the highway  and need some inspiration or youve got a roadtrip  planned and need an appropriate accompaniment heres a list of  13 of my favorite road trip books on audio. My Life on the Road by Gloria Steinem Narrated by actress Debra Winger (of An  Officer and a Gentleman  fame), Steinems memoir about her lifetime of activism-related travels isnt specifically about a road trip but its still guaranteed to put that wanderlust bug in your blood. The Stand by Stephen King Want one book to last you for the entire cross country trip? At nearly 48 hours, this is no slouch of an audiobook, but it is also the ultimate in post-apocalyptic road trip fiction. A good book to listen to in order to appreciate our intact countryside. Thousand Pieces of Gold by  Ruthanne Lum McCunn Beginning with a journey to America and throughout the West, McCunns story about a girl  who is sold into slavery from China is an important part of the American historical narrative that often remains hidden. On the Road by Jack Kerouac Experience a different era of America with this 1950s road trip classic. One of most well-known  cross country novels, Kerouac creates a beat-filled, jazzy narrative that is a quintessential love letter to spreading your wings. American Gods by Neil Gaiman With a full cast narrating, this epic fantasy begins in Indiana and creates a magical version of America as an unforgettable cast of characters that is destined to become a modern classic. Station Eleven by Emily St. John Mandel Another post-apocalyptic road trip novel, this one shifts between pre-and post-apocalypse  and  follows a traveling Shakespeare-performing group after the end of the world that will leave you more hopeful than despairing. The Warmth of Other Suns by Isabel Wilkerson Though it might not inspire your road trip in the same kind of way, Wilkersons history of Americas Great Migration will make you look at the highways and trips you take across the country in an entirely different way. The Road by  Cormac McCarthy A quieter, shorter version of the post-apocalyptic road trip novel, this moving story of a father and son traveling in a desolate world might be easier to listen to if you struggled with the lack of sentence structure in the print version. Amy and Rogers Epic Detour by Morgan Matson For a YA take on the road trip, check out this coming-of-age narrative that is both sweet and serious. Amy embarks on a Connecticut-to-California adventure with a family friends son whom she barely knows and still reeling from the death of her father. Killing Yourself to Live by Chuck Klosterman One of our most engaging essayists, Klosterman drives a rental car in a winding tour of the US, chasing his own demons and rock n roll after his relationship ends and writing about all the emotional ups-and-downs that come with it. The Lost Continent by Bill Bryson As easy as it would be to list only Bryson books for this post, this one is impossible to leave off. In a love letter to the small towns that pepper America, he drives nearly 14,000 miles through 38 states after having lived in the UK for more than 10 years to rediscover the country he left. On Such a Full Sea by Chang rae-Lee A woman goes on a quest to find her lover in a brilliantly imagined future America that  examines the confluence of race, culture, identity and love in a way only Chang rae-Lee can. Lets Get Lost by  Adi Alsaid Five strangers embark on their own journeys and find out more about themselves and each other than they ever expected to. At just over 8 hours, Alsaids YA road trip novel is a perfect single-day companion for a long drive. Sign up for Audiobooks to receive the latest from the audiobooks world. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Role of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs in Managing and...

Role of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs in Managing and Motivating Employees The following paper deals with the American psychologist Abraham Maslow, born in New York, who stated that every human being has 5 differently categorised needs that need to be fulfilled in order to provide healthy and happy living. In daily work managers need to respect and follow these needs so that employees will work most efficiently and effectively. Following these needs and trying to execute them is the best instruction for managers to motivate and provide successful working conditions. This paper will introduce you to the hierarchy of needs and will illustrate, by applying examples from day to day business how this concept can be best implemented. The†¦show more content†¦Excellent managers must be able to support their personnel to raise their performance at their jobs, progress their knowledge, and recognize their full potential. If a manager wants to do this efficient he must know how people do their work and how to influence and control them. This is sometimes very difficult for a manager because everybody is different and only one of its kind and has different habits, personalities, desires and comes from a different background. Everybody has a different personality and different skills and this depends on genetics, upbringing, education, friends and relatives, sex, work, religion and experience. In order to managers must be able to get a feel for an employee?s behaviour and be able to feel themselves inside them that they know how they are thinking and why they are thinking this way. As a result they will be able to take into account the expectations, values, and perceptions of their own employees and other peop le who they are communicating with. One of the most important tasks a manager has is to provide their employees with job satisfaction. If employees are not satisfied with their job they will not be motivated and morale drops and absence and lateness increases. Employee morale involves thoughts, feelings, and sentiments. Factors that affect morale include the reputation or tradition of the organization, managements attitude, job duties, co-workers, communication, and employee concernsShow MoreRelatedHcs 3251342 Words   |  6 Pagescertainly plays a huge role in the workplace, therefore, it is imperative to understand fully the basic theories and methods, and of course how to apply these theories and methods to everyday workplace scenarios. These motivational skills and techniques will definitely play a key role for leaders and or managers, knowing how to motivate people in today’s workforce will provide job growth. Executive summary According to The San Diego Business Journal motivating employees is the key issue forRead MoreManagement Analysis : Manager Management1578 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Manager can be defined as a person who fulfilled the elemental managerial functions such as motivating, planning, controlling and organizing. However, manager is a first person who responsible for understanding the process of management. In general, manager is the one who makes decisions and plans on supervises, organises, and control resources, finance, human resources and information of the business. These were defined by Katarzyna Cieslinska(2007). Moreover, the project managementRead MoreNotes On Leadership And Management2832 Words   |  12 Pagesany differences between the 2 concepts. 1.1 Leadership Definition Leadership has many different definitions, however, leadership in management is defined as the leader is the person who others are following, and to have followers it’s a process that needs an impact of that person on others to follow him. (Yuki, 1989) Leadership is also believed to be a form of social interaction process that happen among members of a team or a group, and leadership is the skill that person can lead the followers inRead MoreMotivation Theories And Their Implications For Motivating Individuals2456 Words   |  10 Pagesfor motivating individuals in the work place. Motivation can be described as a process where goals are recognized and choices are made â€Å"consciously or not† of how a person dictates the amount of energy they put into achieving a given goal or target. To apply this to the work environment several studies were conducted with a purpose to find the most effective ways to motivate staff in a range of different settings and organisations. This essay is to critically asses Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy ofRead MoreThe Theories Of Maslow s Theory2929 Words   |  12 Pages1. Executive Summary Maslow’s motivational theory, as one of the well known motivational theories in human behavior at work, is widely used in employee motivation. For managers, Maslow theory has a number of implications. In this report, we will analyze the practice of Maslow’s motivational theory in business and exam its effectiveness by looking at how entrepreneur apply this theory to different types of managerial levels, which categorized as non-managerial employees, first-line managers, middleRead MoreEssay on Human Relations Perspective in Management1451 Words   |  6 PagesKatie Tolan Management Human Relations Perspective The human relations perspective is a way to manage a corporation where the employees are viewed as social beings with complex needs and desires as opposed to just units of production. It is based on the works of Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor in the mid twentieth century. This perspective places an emphasis on the social networks found in a corporation and uses gratification, not depravation, to provide motivation in the workplace. Read MoreTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE1110 Words   |  5 Pageskey-contributing factor in employee performance. It is of great importance to an organization to recognize ways in which it can use employee motivation to positively affect employee performance. The methods used by organizations to motivate its employees are essential in determining how they affect employee performance. There are both positive and negative motivational tools that may be explored. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between motivation and employee performanceRead MoreEssay on Human Relations Perspective In Management1433 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Relations Perspective In Management The human relations perspective is a way to manage a corporation where the employees are viewed as social beings with complex needs and desires as opposed to just units of production. It is based on the works of Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor in the mid twentieth century. This perspective places an emphasis on the social networks found in a corporation and uses gratification, not depravation, to provide motivation in the workplace. The human relationsRead MoreCritically Evaluate the Role of Leaders and Managers Contributes to Employee Motivation and Engagement Within Organisations2115 Words   |  9 PagesCritically evaluate the role of leaders and managers contributes to employee motivation and engagement within organisations Introduction As Anderson says (2010), organizational success not only requires project managers not only handle projects, but also lead employees. Managers and leaders must possess knowledge, skills, tools, and experiences therefore employees will to follow them. For organization, to gain and sustain employees can not only create value and high levels of performance, but alsoRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesIn social work, leaders are in charge of motivating their employees to perform their jobs to the best of their abilities. Sometimes leaders must apply a motivation or leadership theory in order to motivate their employees. (Fisher, 2009) Motivational theories are important for leaders in social worker. One of the most important tasks of a leader is to stimulate productivity among employees. This requires motivation. Employees work in the social work field for a variety of reasons. Therefore

International Organisations, Agreements And Governance

‘No man [or woman] is an island’ is a sentence that captures humanity’s need for interaction in order to secure its best interests. In the context of international trade, supranational structures are necessary for all parties’ best interests. With globalisation proceeding at an ever increasing pace, the frequencies and magnitudes of economic interactions between actors of different states increases exponentially (Nye, 298). Growing complex interdependence creates a common interest for cooperation, in terms of pursuing a common framework of regulation and establishing a common standard (Nye, 299-301). As such, this begs the question of how the above can be implemented and achieved. International organisations, agreements and governance is the functionalist answer to the above question (Rourke, 165), even under the framework in which states only consider self-interests. Throughout the course of time, these instruments have grown in number and complexity. Exam ples of their more rudimentary forms are the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the Universal Postal Union (UPU), which were both established more than one and a half centuries ago, providing a common technical standard among states (Rourke, 137). In the past century, more sophisticated forms of international governance in political economy evolved. For example, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Uruguay Round in 1996 established the current World Trade Organisation (WTO) and an elaborateShow MoreRelatedThe World Of The Global Community1438 Words   |  6 PagesAs technology, makes our world a much smaller, much more diverse place, the role of nation states is bring reduced. Global organisations are taking on a more expansive role in the governing of the world. Organisations such as the United Nations, The World Bank, the World Health Organisation, the G8 and the G20 taking on important roles in regulating all facets of the policy around the world. Plac ing requirements on sovereign nations to achieve standards, in fields such as Economics, health, educationRead MoreGlobal Governance Is A Set Of Coercive Norms, Principles, And Decisions1531 Words   |  7 Pages Global governance is a set of coercive norms, principles, rules and decisions-making procedures existing over and above the level of nations-states which have to comply with them. In the realm of international migration in which individuals opt voluntarily to cross countries boundaries in order to stay in the host state for a minimum of length of time, it appears that that the need of global governance has become unavoidable by the mid twentieth century. Effectively, states struggle to control internationalRead MoreIndia s Biggest Fast Moving Consumer Goods1549 Words   |  7 Pagesthe group will support them. Those of a collectivist persuasion think they owe absolute loyalty to their group. Power Distance deals with the extent to which the less powerful members of the society agree to the unequal distribution of power. In organisations this is the degree of centralisation of authority and the practice of autocratic leadership. Uncertainty avoidance, the future is always undetermined, but certain societies socialise their members to acknowledge this and take risks, while membersRead MoreThe World Trade Organization Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutions i will be talking about include the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organisation. These organisations provide loans, grants and practical assistance to governments, in addition to loaning money to assist private businesses within developing countries. They also play a significant role in the privatisation and overseeing of public utilities and natural resources. The World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), often called the Bretton Woods InstitutionsRead MoreLeadership Of An Award Winning Not For Profit Organization Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pageswellness, fitness and recreation area. I have extensive experience in managing the business operations of an innovative, responsive and award winning not-for-profit organisation, along with a strong interest in sport, recreation and health. My career and qualification history, including working for national and state based sporting organisations along with state and federal government sporting authorities, and a service promoting opportunities in sport and recreation, tourism and the arts for people withRead MoreOutsourcing : Outsourcing And Outsourcing1541 Words   |  7 PagesInformation System still believe that most of the software could be better off build in-house and this can also be supported with the fact that there are evidences of organisations that took a significant damage from outsourcing. Therefore, whether or not a company should outsource part of their projects, it all depends on how the organisation manages its outsourcing system. This paper is going to examine a little bit of outsourcing challenges, o utsourcing management processes and as well as the betterRead MoreThe World Trade Organization ( Wto ) And Multilateral Trading System1610 Words   |  7 PagesMany consider the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the multilateral trading system it supports to be essential for advancing global development objectives. This essay will critically examine the objectives of the WTO and explain how the organisation aims to advance development globally. The essay will explore the significance of trade in the politics of development and how the WTO is central to that agenda. Understanding how the WTO is designed to operate will provide insight into why some believeRead More Impact of Globalisation on International Public Policy Essay3193 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Agreements on International Public Policy have never been as abundant as in the last century. In the meantime, Globalisation has become a major phenomenon around the world, at various levels. So, it will be interesting to know if globalisation makes agreements on International Public Policy easier or harder. Looking towards history, Globalisation has deeply affected both national and international way of governance. Focus will be made on the economical and political aspects of globalisationRead MoreThe World Trade Organization ( Wto ) Within The Advancing And Regulation Of International Trade1097 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction: In this report I’ll be explaining, the different kinds of trades also as explaining the role of the world trade organisation (WTO) within the advancing and regulation of international trade. Furthermore, I will assess the trade agreements operate and their impact on international trade. 2. Types of Trade: Here are two sorts of trade that consists of invisible and visual trade. Invisible trade is the exchange of a business transaction that happens with no exchange of tangible productRead MoreCorporate Governance Of A Company1306 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Corporate governance, according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), is ‘the system by which businesses are directed and controlled.’† (cited in Britton Waterston, 2010, p.235) Corporate governance of a company maintains the welfare of the stakeholders in an organisation. Stakeholders are people who are directly affected by the company’s actions and consequences, such as the directors, managers, employees, auditors, and shareholders. Executive compensation is an

Chapter 6 The Portkey Free Essays

string(91) " she called after the twins’ retreating backs, but they did not look back or answer\." Harry felt as though he had barely lain down to steep in Ron’s room when he was being shaken awake by Mrs. Weasley. â€Å"Time to go, Harry, dear,† she whispered, moving away to wake Ron. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 6 The Portkey or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harry felt around for his glasses, put them on, and sat up. It was still dark outside. Ron muttered indistinctly as his mother roused him. At the foot of Harry’s mattress he saw two large, disheveled shapes emerging from tangles of blankets. â€Å"‘S time already?† said Fred groggily. They dressed in silence, too sleepy to talk, then, yawning and stretching, the four of them headed downstairs into the kitchen. Mrs. Weasley was stirring the contents of a large pot on the stove, while Mr. Weasley was sitting at the table, checking a sheaf of large parchment tickets. He looked up as the boys entered and spread his arms so that they could see his clothes more clearly. He was wearing what appeared to be a golfing sweater and a very old pair of jeans, slightly too big for him and held up with a thick leather belt. â€Å"What d’you think?† he asked anxiously. â€Å"We’re supposed to go incognito – do I look like a Muggle, Harry?† â€Å"Yeah,† said Harry, smiling, â€Å"very good.† â€Å"Where’re Bill and Charlie and Per-Per-Percy?† said George, failing to stifle a huge yawn. â€Å"Well, they’re Apparating, aren’t they?† said Mrs. Weasley, heaving the large pot over to the table and starting to ladle porridge into bowls. â€Å"So they can have a bit of a lie-in.† Harry knew that Apparating meant disappearing from one place and reappearing almost instantly in another, but had never known any Hogwarts student to do it, and understood that it was very difficult. â€Å"So they’re still in bed?† said Fred grumpily, pulling his bowl of porridge toward him. â€Å"Why can’t we Apparate too?† â€Å"Because you’re not of age and you haven’t passed your test,† snapped Mrs. Weasley. â€Å"And where have those girls got to?† She bustled out of the kitchen and they heard her climbing the stairs. â€Å"You have to pass a test to Apparate?† Harry asked. â€Å"Oh yes,† said Mr. Weasley, tucking the tickets safely into the back pocket of his jeans. â€Å"The Department of Magical Transportation had to fine a couple of people the other day for Apparating without a license. It’s not easy, Apparition, and when it’s not done property it can lead to nasty complications. This pair I’m talking about went and splinched themselves.† Everyone around the table except Harry winced. â€Å"Er – splinched?† said Harry. â€Å"They left half of themselves behind,† said Mr. Weasley, now spooning large amounts of treacle onto his porridge. â€Å"So, of course, they were stuck. Couldn’t move either way. Had to wait for the Accidental Magic Reversal Squad to sort them out. Meant a fair old bit of paperwork, I can tell you, what with the Muggles who spotted the body parts they’d left behind†¦..† Harry had a sudden vision of a pair of legs and an eyeball lying abandoned on the pavement of Privet Drive. â€Å"Were they okay?† he asked, startled. â€Å"Oh yes,† said Mr. Weasley matter-of-factly. â€Å"But they got a heavy fine, and I don’t think they’ll be trying it again in a hurry. You don’t mess around with Apparition. There are plenty of adult wizards who don’t bother with it. Prefer brooms – slower, but safer.† â€Å"But Bill and Charlie and Percy can all do it?† â€Å"Charlie had to take the test twice,† said Fred, grinning. â€Å"He failed the first time. Apparated five miles south of where he meant to, right on top of some poor old dear doing her shopping, remember?† â€Å"Yes, well, he passed the second time,† said Mrs. Weasley, marching back into the kitchen amid hearty sniggers. â€Å"Percy only passed two weeks ago,† said George. â€Å"He’s been Apparating downstairs every morning since, just to prove he can.† There were footsteps down the passageway and Hermione and Ginny came into the kitchen, both looking pale and drowsy. â€Å"Why do we have to be up so early?† Ginny said, rubbing her eyes and sitting down at the table. â€Å"We’ve got a bit of a walk,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"Walk?† said Harry. â€Å"What, are we walking to the World Cup?† â€Å"No, no, that’s miles away,† said Mr. Weasley, smiling. â€Å"We only need to walk a short way. It’s just that it’s very difficult for a large number of wizards to congregate without attracting Muggle attention. We have to be very careful about how we travel at the best of times, and on a huge occasion like the Quidditch World Cup†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"George!† said Mrs. Weasley sharply, and they all jumped. â€Å"What?† said George, in an innocent tone that deceived nobody. â€Å"What is that in your pocket?† â€Å"Nothing!† â€Å"Don’t you lie to me!† Mrs. Weasley pointed her wand at George’s pocket and said, â€Å"Accio!† Several small, brightly colored objects zoomed out of George’s pocket; he made a grab for them but missed, and they sped right into Mrs. Weasley’s outstretched hand. â€Å"We told you to destroy them!† said Mrs. Weasley furiously, holding up what were unmistakably more Ton-Tongue Toffees. â€Å"We told you to get rid of the lot! Empty your pockets, go on, both of you!† It was an unpleasant scene; the twins had evidently been trying to smuggle as many toffees out of the house as possible, and it was only by using her Summoning Charm that Mrs. Weasley managed to find them all. â€Å"Accio! Accio! Accio!† she shouted, and toffees zoomed from all sorts of unlikely places, including the lining of George’s jacket and the turn-ups of Fred’s jeans. â€Å"We spent six months developing those!† Fred shouted at his mother as she threw the toffees away. â€Å"Oh a fine way to spend six months!† she shrieked. â€Å"No wonder you didn’t get more O.W.L.s!† All in all, the atmosphere was not very friendly as they took their departure. Mrs. Weasley was still glowering as she kissed Mr. Weasley on the cheek, though not nearly as much as the twins, who had each hoisted their rucksacks onto their backs and walked out without a word to her. â€Å"Well, have a lovely time,† said Mrs. Weasley, â€Å"and behave yourselves,† she called after the twins’ retreating backs, but they did not look back or answer. You read "Chapter 6 The Portkey" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"I’ll send Bill, Charlie, and Percy along around midday,† Mrs. Weasley said to Mr. Weasley, as he, Harry, Ron, Hermione, and Ginny set off across the dark yard after Fred and George. It was chilly and the moon was still out. Only a dull, greenish tinge along the horizon to their right showed that daybreak was drawing closer. Harry, having been thinking about thousands of wizards speeding toward the Quidditch World Cup, sped up to walk with Mr. Weasley. â€Å"So how does everyone get there without all the Muggles noticing?† he asked. â€Å"It’s been a massive organizational problem,† sighed Mr. Weasley. â€Å"The trouble is, about a hundred thousand wizards turn up at the World Cup, and of course, we just haven’t got a magical site big enough to accommodate them all. There are places Muggles can’t penetrate, but imagine trying to pack a hundred thousand wizards into Diagon Alley or platform nine and three-quarters. So we had to find a nice deserted moor, and set up as many anti-Muggle precautions as possible. The whole Ministry’s been working on it for months. First, of course, we have to stagger the arrivals. People with cheaper tickets have to arrive two weeks beforehand. A limited number use Muggle transport, but we can’t have too many clogging up their buses and trains – remember, wizards are coming from all over the world. Some Apparate, of course, but we have to set up safe points for them to appear, well away from Muggles. I believe there’s a handy w ood they’re using as the Apparition point. For those who don’t want to Apparate, or can’t, we use Portkeys. They’re objects that are used to transport wizards from one spot to another at a prearranged time. You can do large groups at a time if you need to. There have been two hundred Portkeys placed at strategic points around Britain, and the nearest one to us is up at the top of Stoatshead Hill, so that’s where we’re headed.† Mr. Weasley pointed ahead of them, where a large black mass rose beyond the village of Ottery St. Catchpole. â€Å"What sort of objects are Portkeys?† said Harry curiously. â€Å"Well, they can be anything,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"Unobtrusive things, obviously, so Muggles don’t go picking them up and playing with them†¦stuff they’ll just think is litter†¦.† They trudged down the dark, dank lane toward the village, the silence broken only by their footsteps. The sky lightened very slowly as they made their way through the village, its inky blackness diluting to deepest blue. Harry’s hands and feet were freezing. Mr. Weasley kept checking his watch. They didn’t have breath to spare for talking as they began to climb Stoatshead Hill, stumbling occasionally in hidden rabbit holes, slipping on thick black tuffets of grass. Each breath Harry took was sharp in his chest and his legs were starting to seize up when, at last, his feet found level ground. â€Å"Whew,† panted Mr. Weasley, taking off his glasses and wiping them on his sweater. â€Å"Well, we’ve made good time – we’ve got ten minutes.† Hermione came over the crest of the hill last, clutching a stitch in her side. â€Å"Now we just need the Portkey,† said Mr. Weasley, replacing his glasses and squinting around at the ground. â€Å"It won’t be big†¦.Come on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They spread out, searching. They had only been at it for a couple of minutes, however, when a shout rent the still air. â€Å"Over here, Arthur! Over here, son, we’ve got it.† Two tall figures were silhouetted against the starry sky on the other side of the hilltop. â€Å"Amos!† said Mr. Weasley, smiling as he strode over to the man who had shouted. The rest of them followed. Mr. Weasley was shaking hands with a ruddy-faced wizard with a scrubby brown beard, who was holding a moldy-looking old boot in his other hand. â€Å"This is Amos Diggory, everyone,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"He works for the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures. And I think you know his son, Cedric?† Cedric Diggory was an extremely handsome boy of around seventeen. He was Captain and Seeker of the Hufflepuff House Quidditch team at Hogwarts. â€Å"Hi,† said Cedric, looking around at them all. Everybody said hi back except Fred and George, who merely nodded. They had never quite forgiven Cedric for beating their team, Gryffindor, in the first Quidditch match of the previous year. â€Å"Long walk, Arthur?† Cedric’s father asked. â€Å"Not too bad,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"We live just on the other side of the village there. You?† â€Å"Had to get up at two, didn’t we, Ced? I tell you, I’ll be glad when he’s got his Apparition test. Still†¦not complaining†¦Quidditch World Cup, wouldn’t miss it for a sackful of Galleons – and the tickets cost about that. Mind you, looks like I got off easy†¦.† Amos Diggory peered good-naturedly around at the three Weasley boys, Harry, Hermione, and Ginny. â€Å"All these yours, Arthur?† â€Å"Oh no, only the redheads,† said Mr. Weasley, pointing out his children. â€Å"This is Hermione, friend of Ron’s – and Harry, another friend -â€Å" â€Å"Merlin’s beard,† said Amos Diggory, his eyes widening. â€Å"Harry? Harry Potter?† â€Å"Er – yeah,† said Harry. Harry was used to people looking curiously at him when they met him, used to the way their eyes moved at once to the lightning scar on his forehead, but it always made him feel uncomfortable. â€Å"Ced’s talked about you, of course,† said Amos Diggory. â€Å"Told us all about playing against you last year†¦I said to him, I said – Ced, that’ll be something to tell your grandchildren, that will†¦.You beat Harry Potter!† Harry couldn’t think of any reply to this, so he remained silent. Fred and George were both scowling again. Cedric looked slightly embarrassed. â€Å"Harry fell off his broom, Dad,† he muttered. I told you†¦it was an accident†¦.† â€Å"Yes, but you didn’t fall off, did you?† roared Amos genially, slapping his son on his back. â€Å"Always modest, our Ced, always the gentleman†¦but the best man won, I’m sure Harry’d say the same, wouldn’t you, eh? One falls off his broom, one stays on, you don’t need to be a genius to tell which one’s the better flier!† â€Å"Must be nearly time,† said Mr. Weasley quickly, pulling out his watch again. â€Å"Do you know whether we’re waiting for any more, Amos?† â€Å"No, the Lovegoods have been there for a week already and the Fawcetts couldn’t get tickets,† said Mr. Diggory. â€Å"There aren’t any more of us in this area, are there?† â€Å"Not that I know of,† said Mr. Weasley. â€Å"Yes, it’s a minute off†¦We’d better get ready†¦.† He looked around at Harry and Hermione. â€Å"You just need to touch the Portkey, that’s all, a finger will do -â€Å" With difficulty, owing to their bulky backpacks, the nine of them crowded around the old boot held out by Amos Diggory. They all stood there, in a tight circle, as a chill breeze swept over the hilltop. Nobody spoke. It suddenly occurred to Harry how odd this would look if a Muggle were to walk up here now†¦nine people, two of them grown men, clutching this manky old boot in the semidarkness, waiting†¦. â€Å"Three†¦Ã¢â‚¬  muttered Mr. Weasley, one eye still on his watch, two†¦one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It happened immediately: Harry felt as though a hook just behind his navel had been suddenly jerked irresistibly forward. His feet left the ground; he could feel Ron and Hermione on either side of him, their shoulders banging into his; they were all speeding forward in a howl of wind and swirling color; his forefinger was stuck to the boot as though it was pulling him magnetically onward and then – His feet slammed into the ground; Ron staggered into him and he fell over; the Portkey hit the ground near his head with a heavy thud. Harry looked up. Mr. Weasley, Mr. Diggory, and Cedric were still standing, though looking very windswept; everybody else was on the ground. â€Å"Seven past five from Stoatshead Hill,† said a voice. How to cite Chapter 6 The Portkey, Essay examples

Water Level Indicator free essay sample

Generally when we are pumping liquids like water or may be any other liquid is we need a human to see whether the tank is filled or not or we will place a overflow pipe to know that the tank is fill or not in case of water tank and we get confirmed from the water coming from overflow pipe that the has been filled. ere is lots of wastage of water and still we need a human to have a look  over it and so to avoid this and to save wastage of water or any other liquid that is being filled. Here is a simple circuit for liquid level alarm this circuit only tells us when the tank is full with a beep sound. It is built around two BC547 transistors (T1 and T2) and two timer 555 ICs(IC1 and IC2). Both IC1 and IC2 are wired in a stable multi vibrator mode. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Level Indicator or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Timer IC1 produces low frequency, while timer IC2 produces high frequency. As a result, a beeping tone is generated when the liquid tank is full. Initially, when the tank is empty, transistor T1 does not conduct. Consequently, transistor T2 conducts and pin 4 of IC1 is low. This low voltage disables IC1 and it does not oscillate. The low output of IC1 disables IC2 and it does not oscillate. As a result, no sound is heard from the speaker. But when the tank gets filled up, transistor T1 conducts. Consequently, transistor T2 is cut off and pin 4 of IC1 becomes high. This high voltage enablesIC1 and it oscillates to produce low frequencies at pin 3. This low-frequency output enables IC2and it also oscillates to produce high frequencies. As a result, sound is produced from the speaker. Using preset VR1 we can control the volume of the sound from the speaker. The circuit can be powered from a 9V battery or from mains by using a 9V power adaptor. This circuit can  be easily designed and it is easy to Assemble the circuit on a general purpose PCB and we can enclose it in a suitable cabinet. The circuit is as shown below. Circuit of water level indicator 2) CIRCUIT DIAGARM: 3) How it works: The circuit contains I. Bc547 transistors II. Ic 555 timers III. Resistors IV. Capacitors V. Speaker/Buzzer/alarm VI. 9v power supply(battery/ 9v adaptor) VII. Preset VIII. PCB Here we will install two water-level probes using metal strips such that one touches the bottom of the tank and the other touches the maximum level of the water in the tank. Interconnect the sensor and the circuit using a flexible wire as shown in above circuit diagram. hen tank is empty or until the liquid touches the probe present at maximum level the transistor T1 doesn’t conducts and then output is high at collector of transistor T1, this drives the transistor T2 and transistor T2is in on state, and the output at collector of transistor will be low and as it is connected to  pin4(reset pin) this disables ic1(555timer) and output at pin3 which is also low and as it is connected to pin4 of ic2(555tim er) and the output is also low at pin3and it does not produce any sound . When the water or liquid level touches the second probe which is at maximum liquid level, the transistor T1 conducts and then output is low at collector of transistor T1, this drives the transistor T2 into cutoff and transistor T2 is in off state, and the output at collector of  transistor will be high and as it is connected to pin4(reset pin) this enables ic1(555timer) and output at pin3 which is also high and as it is connected to pin4 of ic2(555timer) and the output is  produced at pin3and it produces sound. nd by hearing sound we can confirm that the tank is filled with liquid and we can stop filling it. Also we need a human to switch on and off the  pumping of water, instead of speaker we can use a automatic switch which can switch off the  pumping automatically. 4) COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION: A) IC 555 TIMER The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. Derivatives provide up to four timing circuits in one package. Introduced in 1972 by Signetics, the 555 is still in widespread use, thanks to its ease of use, low price, and good stability. It is now made by many companies in the original bipolar and also in low-power CMOS types. As of 2003, it was estimated that 1 billion units are manufactured every year. ? PIN DIAGRAM: Pin 1 (Ground): Connects to the 0v power supply. Pin 2 (Trigger): Detects 1/3 of rail voltage to make output HIGH. Pin 2 has control over pin 6. If pin 2 is LOW, and pin 6 LOW,   output goes and stays HIGH. If pin 6 HIGH, and pin 2 goes LOW, output goes LOW while pin 2 LOW. A small current entering the base in common-emitter | |mode is amplified in the collector output. In other terms, an NPN transistor is on when its base is pulled high relative | |to the emitter. The arrow in the NPN transistor symbol is on the emitter leg and points in the direction of the conventional| |current flow when the device is in forward active mode. One mnemonic device for identifying the symbol for the NPN | |transistor is not pointing in. An NPN transistor can be considered as two diodes with a shared anode region. In typical | |operation, the emitter base junction is forward biased and the base collector junction is reverse biased. In an NPN | |transistor, for example, when a positive voltage is applied to the base emitter junction, the equilibrium between thermally | |generated carriers and the repelling electric field of the depletion region becomes unbalanced, allowing thermally excited | |electrons to inject into the base region. These electrons wander (or diffuse) through the base from the region of high | |concentration near the emitter towards the region of low concentration near the collector. The ratio of the voltage applied across a resistors terminals to the intensity of current in the circuit is called its resistance, and this can be assumed to be a constant (independent of the voltage) for ordinary resistors working within their ratings. Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy, such as nickel-chrome). Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits, particularly analog devices, and can also be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits. D) CAPACITOR: A capacitor (originally known as condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator); for example, one common construction consists of metal foils separated by a thin layer of insulating film. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. When there is a potential difference (voltage) across the conductors, a static electric field develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge to collect on one plate and negative charge on the other plate. Energy is stored in the electrostatic field. An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value, capacitance, measured in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them. Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the output of power supplies, in the resonant circuits that tune radios to particular frequencies, in electric power transmission systems for stabilizing voltage and power flow, and for many other purposes. The capacitor is a reasonably general model for electric fields within electric circuits. An ideal capacitor is wholly characterized by a constant capacitance C, defined as the ratio of charge  ±Q on each conductor to the voltage V between them: [pic] Sometimes charge build-up affects the capacitor mechanically, causing its capacitance to vary. In this case, capacitance is defined in terms of incremental changes: [pic] E) PRESET: A preset is a three legged electronic component which can be made to offer varying resistance in a circuit. The resistance is varied by adjusting the rotary control over it. The adjustment can be done by using a small screw driver or a similar tool. The resistance does not vary linearly but rather varies in exponential or logarithmic manner. Such variable resistors are commonly used for adjusting sensitivity along with a sensor. The variable resistance is obtained across the single terminal at front and one of the two other terminals. The two legs at back offer fixed resistance which is divided by the front leg. So whenever only the back terminals are used, a preset acts as a fixed resistor. Presets are specified by their fixed value resistance. Pin Diagram: F) BUZZER: A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. Mechanical A joy buzzer is an example of a purely mechanical buzzer. Electromechanical Early devices were based on an electromechanical system identical to an electric bell without the metal gong. Similarly, a relay may be connected to interrupt its own actuating current, causing the contacts to buzz. Often these units were anchored to a wall or ceiling to use it as a sounding board. The word buzzer comes from the rasping noise that electromechanical buzzers made. Piezoelectric Piezoelectric disk beeper A piezoelectric element may be driven by an oscillating electronic circuit or other audio signal source, driven with a piezoelectric audio amplifier. Sounds commonly used to indicate that a button has been pressed are a click, a ring or a beep. G) PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD: [pic] A printed circuit board, or  PCB, is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks, or  traces ,etched   from copper sheets laminated on to a non-conductive substrate. It is also referred to as printed wiring board(PWB) or  etched wiring board. A PCB populated with electronic components is a printed circuit assembly(PCA), also known as a printed circuit board assemble(PCBA). PCBs are inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. They require much more layout effort and higher initial cost than either  wire-wrapped or  Ã‚  point-to-point constructed   circuits, but are much cheaper and faster for high-volume production. Much of the electronics industrys PCB design, assembly, and quality control needs are set by standards that are published by the IPC organization. 5) SCOPE: This circuit only indicates the amount of water present in the over head tank, It gives an alarm when the tank is full. This worthy device starts ringing as soon as the water tank becomes full. It helps to check overflow and wastage of  water by warning the customer when the tank is about to brim. ? Now no need to go on the roof to look the water level. ? Alarm starts ringing as soon as tank becomes full. ? Suitable for every tank. ? Easy to make and economical circuit.

The Lasting Effect Of The Crusades Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly The impact of the Crusades of early European history are the topic of muchcontroversy. Through the scrutiny of three different paperss of those events, sentiments of at least three different natures have been formed. One believes that these holy wars were so good for the civilization, while another would take a firm stand that they were asham, a fraud intended to merely beef up the clasp of the pontificate. The other believes thatthey were perchance the greatest shame that organized faith has seen. The first authorship on the topic, The Crusade s Widen Europe s Horizon takesthe side of the campaigns, supporting them as a profitable investing on the portion of theEuropeans. The writer states that Both the Moslems and the Christians learned a greatdeal from each other. His grounds includes many architectural, strategical, economicaland manner thoughts that civilizations exchanged and used during and after the wars. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lasting Effect Of The Crusades Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page TheChristian Godheads busying the sanctum land had 200 old ages in which they could construct castlesand unrecorded. These castle employed both manners of the West in add-on to those of the easternByzantine and Arab civilizations. Besides, the celebrated stained-glass Windowss found in westernchurches and cathedrals were originally an Arabic manner, which the occupying Christiansadapted for their ain usage. The find of besieging tactics, illustrated in most novels andmovies as a European invention, were really learned from the Moslems, who usedcross-bows, combustibles, and bearer pigeons for communicating intents. New goodsbrought into the market led to better economical developments. Faster ships were built foreasier transit, and the first international Bankss were invented. These Bankss allowedmerchants to lodge their financess in one metropolis, and so retreat them upon making one ofthe trading metropoliss, Constantinople or Acre. Called Templars, these Bankss allowed for amuch m ore efficient system of trading. Finally, the writer points out the influence on thestyle of the reformers. The usage of aromas became popular, as did the local clothingtrends in add-on to oriental carpets, tapestries, and rugs. Despite the positive viewpointof the papers, the writer does non, nevertheless, seek to deny the negative consequence of theCrusades. He states that From a strictly military point of position, the Crusades must bewritten off as a failure for the West # 8230 ; His logical thinking is a consequence of the fact that after all thechanging of custodies happening over the 200 twelvemonth period, the district reverted to Moslemcontrol for good. He thinks of the Crusades as an investing by the westerners that, in theend, payed off. The 2nd papers examined, Western Civilization, expresses a feeling thatthe campaigns were, merely put, a gag. The writer, William L. Langer, states that all theCrusades accomplished was fring the universe or troublesome knights. In his p osition, theentire event was a complete and arrant failure, chiefly due to the fact that the Crusader sfailed in their mission to change over the holy land to Christian control. He besides denies anyconnection between the enlightenment in Europe and the Crusades. He states thatalthough the Renaissance began during the clip of the Crusades, the development ofwestern Europe did non come from Jerusalem, but from Sicily and Spain. The Crusaders in Jerusalem were largely merchandisers and soldiers and were non truly interested in larning. Alternatively, these soldiers and merchandisers spent their clip worrying about doing a profit.Also, the development of trade between the two civilizations was non a consequence of the Crusades, and had begun over a hundred old ages antecedently. The writer doesn T deny, nevertheless, thehastening of eastern commercial development as a consequence of the Crusades, but claims thatthe cost of directing soldiers to the East in add-on to the expensive gusta tory sensations acquired upon geting at that place outweighed the trade benefits, and ruined many European nobles. Althoughthe victory of the first crusade brought a new sense of pride and faith into the papacy, inthe long run, it hurt the church immensely. Pope s began using the Crusades as an excuseto conquer land or raise taxes, anything to improve their own political standings.Christians were horrified by this twisting of the holy war, and raised a voice in protest.This caused the papacy to lose a great deal of its moral prestige, leading to the overalldecline of Christianity in the west. Despite his negative philosophy about the Crusades, theauthor does admit the connection between them and the development of popular romanticpoetry. On numerous occasions, soldiers returning from the east brought with them storiesof courage, bravery and the sad fate of capture on the part of the crusaders in the form ofsongs. He also admits that the knights did adopt the clothing, living, and architecturalstyles of the east. Basically, he believes that the Crusades were a schem e created by thepapacy to gain popularity, and in the long run riches and a more powerful grip on thepeople. In the third document, Where the Crusades Live On, Anton La Guarda expresseshis feeling that the Crusades were an unnecessary excuse for religious based violence. Heuses examples of mass slaughters. For example, he tells of the fateful day of July 5, 1099,when the Crusaders finally broke through the defenses of Jerusalem. They celebrated byslaughtering all inhabitants of the city. They took pride in this, because killing Moslemsand Jews was considered zealous. The author also professes his concern for the Crusadesbeing a metaphor for glory and bravery as well as romantic ideals. He states that the term Crusade is over and incorrectly used in such contexts as crusades against aids,corruption, and world poverty, in that those are worthwhile causes, whereas theCrusades were not. Also, he talks about the murder of countless Jews as a prelude to theholy war. However, today the chu rches and castles built by the Crusaders serve as greatsources of tourist revenue for the countries they are located in. The author believes theCrusades to be a vast fiasco, based completely on ignorance, greed, and jealousy. Heuses excerpts from writings that include the following: †¦much courage and so little honor, so much devotion and so littleunderstanding†¦ †¦intolerance in the name of god, which is the Sin against the holy ghost. He states that the crusaders left a legacy of enmity(hatred.) Also significant inthe article is the use of a writing by Amin Maalouf, who uses the claims that any actiontaken against the westerners would be considered no more than legitimate vengeance. La Guarda goes on to accuse the widening schism on the Crusades, by stating that theknights sacking Constantinople led to the Moslem control of the Byzantine empire. All inall, La Guarda s view of the Crusades is one of animosity. He thinks of them as a disgraceto Christianity, stating t hat while Christians have so much, Moslems have so little. Heexplains that freedom is a luxury to most Moslems, and even a decent standard of livingseems unattainable. He compares the Crusaders to the Mongols, implying that they weresavages bent on personal gain, not chivalrous soldiers fighting in the name of god. Hisview is that the crusades were an excuse to slaughter countless masses of non-believers,and that the fact that the modern Catholic and entertainment world looks upon them asglorious is a shame. Three documents, with three different views. None are right, none are wrong. Onthe one hand, many things were accomplished by the crusades, on the other, many thingswere destroyed. Depending on one s heritage, on one s upraising, and one s personality,one must come up with his or her own view, because there is no single right and wrong.Too much happened on both sides to make a one sided opinion, and that s what this essayis about.

Free Essays on The Concept Of Race

The Concept of Race Race- A local geographic or global human population distinguished as a more or less distinct group by genetically transmitted physical characteristics. What in the world does that mean? Every definition is vague, nothing is definite. When I was growing up I never noticed the color of people’s skin until I started Kindergarten. It was something that was taught to me. I have always has black, white, and tan colored skinned friends. As I have grown older I have noticed that there are lines, you can’t walk into a store with someone of a different color with out getting looks. I am white, and a good friend in high school was black. We were friends from the first day I started at Eastside, he was my body guard and I was his little comedian sister. After four years of hanging out, studying, and working together, my friend asked me to date him. I just did not see him as a â€Å"boyfriend† he was my big brother. He claimed that I did not want to date him because he was black. Honestly, it had nothing to do with his skin color. It was not until then that I realized how naà ¯ve I had been about race, how deep race runs in the south. Race is really just a category; it has nothing to do with anything but the color of skin, or the region your ancestors were from hundreds of years ago. Race in the south is the color of your skin. Supposedly, if you are white you think you are too good for the blacks. If you are a light skinned black you are shunned by the dark skinned blacks. Does this make any sense? In a big city, like Atlanta, white people and black people are different than the people in a small town, like Statesboro. The white and black people act differently toward each other. They act differently period. In Atlanta, you have a small group of people running around with rebel flags all over their trucks, and the rest think they are stupid. In Statesboro, a larger group of the white population have the rebel fla... Free Essays on The Concept Of Race Free Essays on The Concept Of Race The Concept of Race Race- A local geographic or global human population distinguished as a more or less distinct group by genetically transmitted physical characteristics. What in the world does that mean? Every definition is vague, nothing is definite. When I was growing up I never noticed the color of people’s skin until I started Kindergarten. It was something that was taught to me. I have always has black, white, and tan colored skinned friends. As I have grown older I have noticed that there are lines, you can’t walk into a store with someone of a different color with out getting looks. I am white, and a good friend in high school was black. We were friends from the first day I started at Eastside, he was my body guard and I was his little comedian sister. After four years of hanging out, studying, and working together, my friend asked me to date him. I just did not see him as a â€Å"boyfriend† he was my big brother. He claimed that I did not want to date him because he was black. Honestly, it had nothing to do with his skin color. It was not until then that I realized how naà ¯ve I had been about race, how deep race runs in the south. Race is really just a category; it has nothing to do with anything but the color of skin, or the region your ancestors were from hundreds of years ago. Race in the south is the color of your skin. Supposedly, if you are white you think you are too good for the blacks. If you are a light skinned black you are shunned by the dark skinned blacks. Does this make any sense? In a big city, like Atlanta, white people and black people are different than the people in a small town, like Statesboro. The white and black people act differently toward each other. They act differently period. In Atlanta, you have a small group of people running around with rebel flags all over their trucks, and the rest think they are stupid. In Statesboro, a larger group of the white population have the rebel fla...

Corporate Financial Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corporate Financial Management - Assignment Example For example a few years ago Starbucks Cafe implemented a practice of donating five cents from every sale of certain beverage products towards the AIDS/HIV cause. Organizations can also improve their character by implementing a code of conduct. The use of ethical audits can help companies improve the company’s process to show greater character. The employees of corporations should also support practices that promote character. To improve their character employees can realize actions such coming to work on time everyday. Character is also developed by employees by giving the maximum effort everyday at work. Teamwork and cooperation are two attributes that show character in the workplace. Taking continued educational courses or enrolling in a graduate program is a great way for employees to promote character. The customers in the marketplace should also promote character in their interaction with businesses. Supporting companies that are socially responsible is way to show character. Customers can also promote character in the business environment by not performing actions such as stealing goods from retail stores. Another way customers can promote character is by boycotting companies that violate environmental and labor

English-Only Debated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English-Only Debated - Essay Example It can also be defined as an easily accessible artistic mode of expression that points out, in a wide range of mediums, criticisms and oppositions to social, political ,economic or other circumstances in the community that are of high concern (Duncombe, 4-5). Consequently, cultural resistance mainly intends to raise awareness of the issue and then calls for justice on the part of the oppressed, this implies that it exist for a reason and not just for the sake of sympathy or pity. This article addresses creative cultural resistance in the American society with focus on English language There has been a raging debate on cultural dissent and language in regard to what it mean for one to say, â€Å"I am American?† The law provides these answers in technical sense: as to be one that falls under a statutory or constitutional category having full participation and membership rights in the American polity (Del 55). The main ones, with few minor exceptions, are birth within the United States, birth to American parents overseas, and legal naturalization, all regulated by the federal government. If this is the case why do when family, friends, co-workers, and or even our general acquaintances refer to themselves as who they are, the response is too often either Italian, Irish, German, Greek, or French and so on, however, in reality they're not, they’re simply American. This false mindset of what people perceive themselves to be leads to a stronger divide, separation, and cultural resistance between the people within our society both politically and culturally, while deteriorating the true identity and morals of what it means to be an American which can be found deep as its foundation. In spite of this, calling oneself â€Å"Irish† can give way to a sense of pride and belonging to a unique nation, with a heritage of great deeds and tragic flaws, a set of ideals, and a singularly commanding and demanding position in today’s world. As discussed by Rogers M. Smith, for many Americans alike, the sentence â€Å"I am Irish† is also a revelation of their sense of attachment at the deepest emotional level to unique culture and moral standards. It has then much more than merely legal meaning; it evokes a statement of political and personal identity that is complex, powerful, and often contradictory to the ideas and sentiments for both American and non-Americans similarly (Del 55). Retrospectively, this divides our country; the false sense of attachment due to pride drives both natives and immigrants towards specific towns or counties while steering them away from others. The culture and customs of one's heritage often differs greatly between an American native and ones ancestry within a home country. Since the United States is an immigrant society, putting as much of your message as possible into words is important in order to let people know where one is coming from. People try to remove the possibility of misassumptions as they believe everyone is different and the degree which they are involved in the majority culture varies (Jasper, 19-25). The Japanese view their country differently; they’re racially and culturally homogeneous with a long history of tradition, so it is assumed that everyone knows and will play by the unspoken rules of the majority culture. The two cultures are both different from each other while have very little in common. When Japanese-Americans refer to themselves as Japanese they’re merely holding themselves to a lie. More than forty percent of the population of Japanese immigrants predominantly resides in Hawaii and despite gigantic differences in cultural tradition and descent the majority continues to call themselves Japanese. Rather than United States citizens,

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Types and Effects

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Types and Effects Statistics shows that one out of six couples experienced the problem corresponding with infertility (Olmedo, Chilik and Kopelman, 173). Infertility can be considered a disease affecting more than 80 million people around the world consisting primarily of young population accounting to around 10-15% having problems on the ability to conceive and give live births (Hochschild, Schwarze and Alam, 2008). Considering these figures, infertility becomes one of the centers of attraction especially that many couples are becoming desperate to have a child. They would just take any chances in order to have a child after for so long time having sexual intercourse but then without contraception that takes place. There are many advanced ways nowadays in order to treat infertility or even defy its capacity for couples not to experience contraception. Embryo transfer is one. Then one of the most popular is in vitro fertilization which is a technique used by 53 countries around the world today, implying that the treatment is no longer experimental but safe to use (Ezra and Schenker, 127). Causes of Infertility The continuing many studies about infertility are clear indications that the discovery on what is really is it is still on the process of creating series of scientific investigations. One of these scientific investigations is in line with knowing the probable causes of infertility. It was hypothesized that it could be due to four factors such as delayed childbearing, problem on semen quality because of bad habits such as cigarette smoking and abusive alcohol intake, changes in sexual behavior and elimination of most taboos (Olmedo, Chilik and Kopelman, 173). It is because of these considered factors that studies on infertile couples are focused on ovulatory factor which is present to 20% of couples, utero-tubal peritoneal factor which is present to 30% of couples, then 40% of couples have together the two previous factors and 15% of couples can be diagnosed because of no alterations (Olmedo, Chilik and Kopelman, 173). Statistics on IVF Statistics shows the following figures regarding in vitro fertilization (Ezra and Schenker, 127). Since it started in 1985 to be used as infertility treatment, over 53,635 women were already treated which corresponds to around 34,316 babies born by 224,473 treatment cycles then next after it were 160,518 transfer cycles. With the resulting pregnancies, around 65% to 75% were able to come up with live births then the rest went to spontaneous abortions of around 26% and ectopic pregnancies of around 5.54%. The higher rates of preterm deliveries and perinatal mortality have been expounded by around 22% of multiple pregnancy rate which was higher than the normal population. It remained to around 2.25% of chromosomal aberrations and malformations as documented within the years and success rate for in vitro fertilization did not improve within the covered period during the survey. It was noted that the procedures were becoming much more reliable due to the scope of procedures included whic h became at some point, final steps in the diagnosis. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is part of the changes in infertility practice. It provided a right chance to study basic reproductive processes (Olmedo, Chilik and Kopelman, 173). The reason is that ART is an artificial means used in order to achieve pregnancy. In 2000, the United States reported 13.5% increase in reported cycles compared to the data presented in 1999 and overall success rate of 0.6% which represents 2.2% increase as compared to the result in 1999 (Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 1207). In 2006, Canada reported that with ART, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates continued to increase compared with the previous years, but only small rate decrease for multiple births (Gunby et al., 2189). Indicators for IVF (in vitro fertilization) Continuing studies about in vitro fertilization lead to significant findings of significant predictors for its success rate. Considering that sperm morphology is correlated with fertilization failure, then the sperm chromatin packaging was found to be significant indicator of in-vitro fertilization rates. The study of Esterhuizen et al. (657) found that sperm chromatin packaging was significantly correlated with in-vitro fertilization rates. Takahashi et al. (586) found that oocytes have great chance to be fertilized when follicles can make high concentrations of AMH in the follicular fluid. It is in this result that AMH was found to be a significant predictor for fertilization. It was found out that follicular volume can be the new indicator of oocyte maturity. The study of Fuentes et al. (616) found that SonoAVC when it comes to evaluation of stimulated ovaries can be reliable allowing further to establish new criteria for timing hCG administration on follicular volume estimation instead of the follicular size. From the result of the study of Sifer et al. (150), they found that glanula cells of humans and its resistance to apoptosis has the possibility to be associated in the success rate of IVF. There was an association between the declining of age of implanted embryo with the embryoà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s impaired growth rates (Hsu et al., 679). Based on the recent findings and investigations conducted about in vitro fertilization, the above results are just one of those showing significant indicators for the success rate of in vitro fertilization. The list goes on and on. So there are remarkable and significant indicators that can possibly be associated with IVF. Steps in the IVF Treatment Just prior to the actual IVF treatment, there are preliminary steps that need to be undergone by a patient who wants to undergo the procedure. The following are the least steps a patient who wants to undergo with IVF can possibly undergo (Falcone and Young, 93). Select infertility specialist Both partners who are involved in the treatment needs to undergo series of medical tests. Medical steps that need to be taken to address infertility needs to be considered Agreement with the infertility specialist about the chance a patient can have with IVF. IVF Techniques: The following are common IVF techniques that are commonly used to treat infertility among couples who are willing to take chances. Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) In Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) sperm is mechanically injected into the cytoplasm of an oocyte. This technique was applied initially in sea urchin, followed in mouse and hamster and was successful to humans in 1992 (Peas and Lois, 23). GIFT: Gametic Intra-fallopian Transfer As the name implies, Gametic Intra-follopian Transfer (GIFT) is the direct transfer of human gametes, sperm and oocytes in the fallopian tube which was first successful in 1984 (Serhal and Overton, 256). The good thing about GIFT is that it mimics the natural process in which the gamete is restored in the fallopian tube. Z.I.F.T. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer Zygote intrafallopian transfer is an advanced form of gametic intrafallopian transfer. By using the gametic intra-fallopian transfer, the oocytes are harvested by transvaginal aspiration, fertilized in vitro and transfer in the fallopian tube (Schmidt and Kurjak, 85). Patients with tubal pathology cannot use zygote intrafallopian transfer as well as gametic intra-fallopian transfer (Schmidt and Kurjak, 85). T.E.T (Tubal Embryo Transfer) Tubal embryo transfer is the development of simple embryo transfer over the years. Tubal embryo transfer is part of the stage of embryogenesis transfer encompassed by zygote intrafallopina transfer in general (Allahbadia and Das, 182). P.R.O.S.T (Pronuclear Stage Transfer Just like the tubal embryo transfer, as a modification of embryo transfer, the pronuclear stage transfer is also part of the stage of embryogenesis transfer encompassed by zygote intrafallopian transfer in general (Allahbadia and Das, 182). Direct Intraperitoneal Insemination D.I.P.I In direct intraperitoneal insemination, the syringe with prepared sperm is punctured into the vaginal pouch leading to good consistency of result especially if after ovarian stimulation (Nieschlag, Behre and Nieschlag, 473). Peritoneal Occyte Sperm Transter P.O.S.T Peritoneal Occyte Sperm Transfer can be applied to women with bilateral tubal block. This procedure is an alternative to IVF. This procedure was described by Coulam et al in 1989 (Rao, 391). Direct Oocyte Sperm Transfer) D.O.S.T Another alternative to IVF is direct oocyte and sperm transfer. This can also be applied to women with bilateral tubal block. This procedure was first introduced by Craft et al. in 1982 and later in modified by Bucktt and Tan by simply having oocytes with sperm directly transferred to the uterine cavity (Rao, 392). Incubation of oocytes is done in this procedure and then followed by the actual insemination in the uterine cavity. Transuterine Fallopian Transfer) T.U.F.T Transuterine fallopian transfer is the actual placement of an embryo into the fallopian tube after IVF has been done. The procedure involves threading the tube through the uterus and placing the embryo into the fallopian tube (Blickstein and Keith, 47) Developing Embryos Embryos are formed specially because there was fertilization that took place. The fertilized egg will slowly develop into en embryo undergoing different stages. It took only 12 days in the uterus for the implantation of newly formed embryo, then it will start the development of organs within 50 days. In other words, the standard definition of embryo period is two months after fertilization (Ostnor, 3). Transferring Embryos Embryo transfer is as good as finding its failure and success. In particular, there is a great area of interest in knowing what makes embryo transfer a success or a failure. Various studies have been developed in order to find out the factors to optimize the success of embryo transfer. The study of Schoolcraft, Surrey and Gardner (863) suggested that avoidance of blood, mucus, bacterial contamination, excessive uterine contraction and trauma to the endometrium is having relationship with optimal pregnancy implantation rates after embryo transfer. More so, they also found out that unltrasonographic guidance and utilization of soft catheters will provide good chance of successful embryo transfer. Therefore, it is implied that it is important to look for factors that can be associated with embryo transfer especially on embryo implantation in maximizing IVF. The common method used in embryo transfer is transcervical intrauterine transfer. As mentioned earlier, the factors affecting its success are of great importance such as technical ability and training of personnel, catheter choice, value of a previous dummy transfer and any other factors to prevent damage of the uterine lining, bleeding and uterine contractions (Pasqualini and Quintans, 83). According to the study of Pasqualini and Quintans, the mentioned factors have negative effects on the pregnancy rates. In fact, the actual concern in embryo transfer is as much as possible eliminate or if not minimize multiple pregnancies and any unwanted side effects. Single embryo transfer and culture in the blastocyst stages are means commonly used to prevent multiple pregnancies. Techniques such as ultrasound-controlled transcervical intrauterine transfer and ultrasound-controlled transmyometrial transfer are of great interest since these are often used in order to properly and successfully i mplement embryo transfer. However there are also more invasive procedures that need to be taken consideration in embryo transfer such as the following: gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intra-Fallopian transfer (ZIFT), pronuclear stage transfer and embryo intra-Fallopian transfer (EIFT). These techniques are commonly used when the need to use of alternative assisted reproductive technologies cannot be substantially catered by laboratories. However in todayà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s highly refined laboratories, alternative assisted reproductive technologies such as direct intra-follicular insemination, fallopian spermatic perfusion and peritoneal stage and sperm transfer and intra vaginal culture can highly be performed even with high precision. Positive and Negative Effects of IVF Treatment As mentioned earlier, IVF has already gained wider scope of acceptance in the field of medicine. However, such acceptance needs to be considered even more especially on finding the positive and negative effects of IVF treatment. Even though there is a chance for successful conception with IVF treatment, it still remains a challenge today considering that not everyone has the same level of bodily response to the treatment. There are many things that need to be considered in detail. This detail can somehow be significant factor that will slowly give more meaningful improvement in the treatment. For instance, the ovarian stimulation is said to be very important especially in the assisted reproductive technologies (Ubaldi et al. 235). The ovarian stimulation is said to be associated with several factors as far as its reduction is concerned. When it is reduced, the mutltifollicular growth will live to be a great challenge and it continues to be the most frequent aetilogical factor. Thus, it remains a challenge when it comes to predicting ovarian response. This is just one of the important considerations with respect to obtaining successful IVF treatment. The negative thing about it is that there is no enough assurance for everyone that it can be successful. Thus, there is a continuing area for the body of knowledge covering the issues about the success and failure of IVF treatment. Another thing, with IVF those couples who have been psychologically depressed and at the same time so determined to have an offspring are most likely to feel discomfort the moment procedure or treatment fails. This is a common scenario. However, there are also some couples who have been so determined and it would be enough for them knowing they still have chance with IVF. This is comforting on their side at some point knowing that they still have the chance even if that chance of getting failed is also high. Cloning and In Vitro Fertilization Cloning aside from in vitro fertilization is also one of the most highly studied areas in the field of genetics and molecular biology. There are good points about cloning especially when it comes to food production and other related aspects. However, there is a great challenge of cloning when it comes to creating human beings. The reason is that there are various ethical and political challenges when it comes to its implementation if ever it would be allowed. Cloning therefore cannot be applied to humans but for other animals and plants, it is well appreciated and even now it is already put into implementation for the purpose of food production and other related concerns. Thus, when talking about cloning and in vitro fertilization, even if there is a high chance of failure in the latter, it remains to be the mostly studied in the field of human fertilization. Conclusion Modern techniques in human reproduction have slowly evolved and even the rate of success is becoming remarkably promising. The reason is that there are continuous studies applied in this field resulting to more discoveries of promising and significant information in order to improve the methods and procedures involved in the modern techniques of human reproduction. The case of IVF is a very important contribution to the development of modern techniques of human reproduction in modern times. The emergence of different methods and techniques related to modern techniques of reproduction is a clear indication how important is reproduction to humans. In fact, the bottom line of these all is the fact that humans are designed to reproduce which is meant to be part of their biological design.

Cultural background Essay

1. How do cultures shape minds? The cultural ancestry of a certain individual often makes an impression on the individual itself. However, if the individual is more often exposed to a certain culture that is totally different from their ancestry, there is a greater chance of adapting to the said culture in order for them to â€Å"fit-in† with the population. 2. What cultures affect middle and high school students? The Hispanic/Mexican and Asian cultures have more effect on middle and high school students since they make sure that the next generation realize the importance of having their own distinct culture regardless of their ability to adapt to the cultural conditions of the country where they reside. 3. What literacies influence student’s thinking and behavior in and out of school? Literacy in the English language is the major influence followed by literacy in cultural heritage. 4. Where is our adolescent literacy crisis rooted? It lies in the ability of the adolescent to adjust to both the family and social environment in relation to their quest for knowledge during their formative years. 5. How can teachers respond to literacy and learning challenges in their content area classrooms? The teachers can set the learning pace that would put the students, regardless of intellect or cultural background, at ease in the classrooms making them eager to learn more.

West African Theater Essay

African theatre is influenced by African dramatic traditions and Western theatre. The influence of Western styles originates from European presence, European education , and the artists training outside of Africa. The magnitude of foreign influence varies from country to country. This influence slowed the development of African theatre in Zimbabwe. For example, productions continued to exemplify Western theatre. The Afrocentricity in West Africa in the 1960s was a reaction to the oppression of French Directors. They left a mark on production styles. Examples of such oppression can be seen in the Daniel Surano Theatre in Senegal. This is where the productions of Aimà © Cà ©saire can be seen. The productions of Bernard Dadià © reflect French comic traditions and Jean Pliya is one the many of playwrights focused on the European historical events. The writing of Western playwrights has resulted in a literary style that appeals to a sophisticated and rare audience to which dance and mu sic productions have a minor role in the theatrical arts. Village theatre in Africa is based on the tried and true traditions of music, song, dance, and drama. This produced a fertile foundation for the development of urban contemporary theatrics. Theatric entrepreneurs built upon the traditional village storytelling and borrowed production styles from the European productions performed in West African urban areas in the 20s and ’30s. Concert productions traveled in Togo and Ghana. During the 50s the Ghanaian â€Å"Trios† appeared with Bob Cole and his company performing for audiences in Accra with hilarious dramatizations of the local events. The first professional theatres in Nigeria were produced by the local  actor-managers. The three most successful were Kola Ogunmola, Duro Ladipa, and Hubert Ogunde. They were all Yoruba and started work as teachers by making plays based on the Bible stories in African churches. Ogunde’s first production was The Garden of Eden (1944) in the Church of the Lord. Then in 1945 he mad e a satire called Strike and Hunger. It was based on the clash between Nigerian workers and the European bosses. Ogunde’s success had allowed him to create the Ogunde concert party. It had a style similar to the British concert parties of the time. They performed domestic comedies and political satires between the opening and the closing with interjections of song and dance unrelated to the plot. The popularity Nigerian independence in 1960 brought an explosion of productions in the urban arts focused on new African forms and the disapproval of European influences. This resulted in an imaginative presence in literary and popular theatre that was to be influential throughout Africa. Yoruba Opera companies, also known as traveling theatres, had hit the road. Ladipo produced spectacular productions based on themes from Yoruba mythology and history. His series on the kingdom of Oyo was published in 1964 as Three Yoruba Productions (Oba Koso [â€Å"The King Did Not Hang†], Oba Moro [â€Å"The King of Ghosts†], and Oba Waja [â€Å"The King Is Dead†]), had the power and mythology similar to a traditional Greek tradegy. Kola Ogunmola created comedies portraying himself as the amazing actor and mime. He modified the techniques of Ogunde by replacing the saxophones with the Yoruba drum. He wrote strictly structured lines without destroying the gentility of the social satires. His most commonly seen production is Ife Owo (1950; Love of Money). His greatest success was with Omuti Apa Kini (1963). Although Ogunmola and Ladipo died in the 70s, their legacy lived on as decorated trucks transported Yoruba Opera companies to one-night performances in towns and villages. The Yoruba musical drama Obaluaye (1970) was composed by Akin Euba and it had an impact on the work of literary playwrights such as Ola Rotimi. and Wole Soyinka. Ola and Wole spent many years as university playwrights/directors and their ability to stage their own works led them to have a strong theatric skill set. Wole Soyinka was a brilliant critic and satirist who was the first African to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 86 was regarded as Africa’s best writer. His art reflects the difficulties facing an African playwright writing in English. He moved from naturalistic treatment of his subjects to the Yoruba view of subjects. His early satires The Trials of Brother Jero (1960) and  Lion and the Jewel (1963) are popular with all English-speaking audiences. However the philosophical and verbal complexities in his later works are aimed at the select few. Death and the King’s Horseman (1975) and The Strong Breed (1963) are focused on the impact of cultural conflict. On the other hand, Soyinka’s political satires, such as Kongi’s Harvest (1965), are both raw and entertainment focused. A Dance of the Forests (1963) and The Road (1965) described the complicated dramatic paradoxes of African life through the Yoruba myths. Secondly, Soyinka criticized the myth of th e glorious African past by rejecting the African concept that the revival of African culture has to come from African cultural heritage to be made for and performed to celebrate the Nigerian independence of October 1960. His drama became pessimistic after the civil war in Nigeria. This can be seen in Madmen and Specialists (1970). He also used past historical events and new versions of old productions to create new productions. His rendition of the Bacchae of Euripides was observed by many in the National Theatre of London in 1973. The Opera Wonyosi was a version of The Beggar’s Opera that was seen in the University of Ife in 1977. Ola Rotimi created theatrical English imbedded with African proverbs and idioms. His style of directing made good use of active movement and resulted in enthusiastic responses from universities and popular audiences. Rotimi was best at historical tragedies such as Ovonramwen Nogbaisi (1971) and Kurunmi (1969) which dealt with the Yoruba wars. He also had a knack for satire. An example would be Our Husband Is Gone Mad Again (1966). In the field of directing, Soyinka and Rotimi both made imaginative use of dance and music. Intercultural exchange had strange results in Ghana. In the 60s Saka  Acquaye’s The Lost Fisherman is a musical based on the â€Å"highlife† and it was a popular success. Another success story was Efua Sutherland’s traveling theatre which produced productions based on the village storytelling and local village themes. Her productions in English used the Greek models. Ama Ata Aidoo was the most famous Ghanaian playwright in the post 60s period. The Dilemma of a Ghost (1964) showed the complicated cultural conflict occurring Ghanaian village when a young adult returned from his studies abroad and he brought his new African American wife along with him. Anowa (1970) is a play that deals with the role of Africa in the slave trade and the servant like treatment of women. Commonly, Hausa drama has a strong appeal and originates from the dramatic style of the old storytelling. It is centered on social problems. It is especially focused on the stories involving the Hausa family and its complications with polygamy. This idea has been contreversial in many productions such as Tabarmar Kunya (1969; â€Å"Matter of Shame†) by Dauda Kano and Adamu dan Gogo. Some productions satirize the uneducated people’s dependence on Muslim scholars. An example would be Umaru Balarme Ahmed’s Buleke (1970) and it shows characters who lead the hectic modern lifestyle and continued to hold onto the roots of the old country. The productions are commonly performed in schools and frequently broadcasted on television and radio. Kabbada is an important Ethiopian playwright who created the historically based production Hannibal and it was performed in Dakar, Senegal, in 1966. The most remarkable work of Mangistu LammÄ  is the play Yalaccha Gabbiccha (â€Å" Marriage of Unequals†) and it deals with social inequality. It was performed for the first time in the Addis Ababa in 1964. It is a production showing a family going through a transition from the ways of the old country to the soulless reality of city life. Somali theatre had been firmly grounded since the 50s and is very popular. Many have yet to be published to the mass public. Shabeelnagood (Leopard Among the Women) was written by Xasan Sheikh Mumin and it is a production about a heartless trickster who marries naà ¯ve and young women. It was originally published in Somali and translated to English in 1974. It had its first performance in Mogadishu in 1968 and it also had radio  serialization along with a successful tour. Somali theatre has been compared to the theatre of the Elizabethan era in England because of its unique combination of popular culture and sophisticated art and its capacity to generate interest for a large demographic section of the 20th century population. Personal Analysis Upon analyzing the information it is understood that the European empires injected their artistic theology into West African theater resulting in an entertaining composite style. In some ways this was a positive change for the artists in African theater; it was this change that created a modern African style with the ability to deliver traditional storytelling to a broader audience. Bibliography 1.Abiodun, Rowland, Henry John. Drewal, and John Pemberton. The Yoruba Artist: New Theoretical Perspectives on African Arts. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1994. 9 Sept. 2013. Web. 9 Dec. 2013. 2. Ann Wynne, Elizabeth Gunner, and Peggy Harper Jr. â€Å"African Theatre (art).† Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013. Web. 09 Dec. 2013. 3.Ogunba, Oyin, and Abiola Irele. Theatre in Africa. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan UP, 1978. Web. 9 Dec. 2013.